HTTPS listeners

Documentation

Gateway setup

Listeners

HTTPS listeners

Follow the Get started guide to install K8sGateway, set up a gateway resource, and deploy the httpbin sample app.
Make sure that you have the OpenSSL version of openssl, not LibreSSL. The openssl version must be at least 1.1.
1. Check the openssl version that is installed. If you see LibreSSL in the output, continue to the next step.
  openssl version
2. Install the OpenSSL version (not LibreSSL). For example, you might use Homebrew.
  brew install openssl
3. Review the output of the OpenSSL installation for the path of the binary file. You can choose to export the binary to your path, or call the entire path whenever the following steps use an openssl command.
  - For example, openssl might be installed along the following path: /usr/local/opt/openssl@3/bin/
  - To run commands, you can append the path so that your terminal uses this installed version of OpenSSL, and not the default LibreSSL. /usr/local/opt/openssl@3/bin/openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -x509 -sha256 -days 3650...

Create a TLS certificate

Create a directory to store your TLS credentials in.
```
mkdir example_certs
```
Create a self-signed root certificate. The following command creates a root certificate that is valid for a year and can serve any hostname. You use this certificate to sign the server certificate for the gateway later. For other command options, see the OpenSSL docs.
```
# root cert
openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/O=any domain/CN=*' -keyout example_certs/root.key -out example_certs/root.crt
```

Use the root certificate to sign the gateway certificate.

openssl req -out example_certs/gateway.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example_certs/gateway.key -subj "/CN=*/O=any domain"
openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA example_certs/root.crt -CAkey example_certs/root.key -set_serial 0 -in example_certs/gateway.csr -out example_certs/gateway.crt

Create a Kubernetes secret to store your server TLS ertificate. You create the secret in the same cluster and namespace that the gateway is deployed to.

kubectl create secret tls -n gloo-system https \
  --key example_certs/gateway.key \
  --cert example_certs/gateway.crt
kubectl label secret https gateway=https --namespace gloo-system

Set up an HTTPS listener

Create a gateway resource and configure an HTTPS listener.

kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: https
  namespace: gloo-system
  labels:
    gateway: https
spec:
  gatewayClassName: gloo-gateway
  listeners:
    - name: https
      port: 443
      protocol: HTTPS
      hostname: https.example.com
      tls:
        mode: Terminate
        certificateRefs:
          - name: https
            kind: Secret
      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: All
EOF

Setting	Description
`spec.gatewayClassName`	The name of the Kubernetes gateway class that you want to use to configure the gateway. When you set up K8sGateway, a default gateway class is set up for you.
`spec.listeners`	Configure the listeners for this gateway. In this example, you configure an HTTPS gateway that listens for incoming traffic on port 443.
`spec.listeners.tls.mode`	The TLS mode that you want to use for incoming requests. In this example, HTTPS requests are terminated at the gateway and the unecrypted request is forwarded to the service in the cluster.
`spec.listeners.tls.certificateRefs`	The Kubernetes secret that holds the TLS certificate and key for the gateway. The gateway uses these credentials to establish the TLS connection with a client, and to decrypt incoming HTTPS requests.

Verify that the status of the gateway shows ACCEPTED.
```
kubectl get gateway/https -n gloo-system -o yaml
```

Create an HTTP route for the httpbin app and add it to the HTTPS gateway that you created.

kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: httpbin-https
  namespace: httpbin
  labels:
    example: httpbin-route
    gateway: https
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: https
      namespace: gloo-system
  rules:
    - backendRefs:
        - name: httpbin
          port: 8000
EOF

Verify that the HTTP route is applied successfully.

kubectl get httproute/httpbin-https -n httpbin -o yaml

Get the external address of the gateway and save it in an environment variable. Note that it might take a few seconds for the gateway address to become available.

export INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS=$(kubectl get svc -n gloo-system gloo-proxy-https -o jsonpath="{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0]['hostname','ip']}")
echo $INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS

kubectl port-forward svc/gloo-proxy-https -n gloo-system 8443:443

Send a request to the httpbin app and verify that you see the TLS handshake and you get back a 200 HTTP response code.

curl -vik --resolve "https.example.com:443:${INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS}" https://https.example.com:443/status/200

curl -vik --connect-to https.example.com:443:localhost:8443 https://https.example.com:443/status/200

Example output:

* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
*  CAfile: /etc/ssl/cert.pem
*  CApath: none
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
*  subject: CN=*; O=gateway
*  start date: Nov  5 01:54:04 2023 GMT
*  expire date: Nov  2 01:54:04 2033 GMT
*  issuer: CN=*; O=root
*  SSL certificate verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20), continuing anyway.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x15200e800)
> GET /status/200 HTTP/2
> Host: https.example.com
> user-agent: curl/7.77.0
> accept: */*
> 
*  Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 2147483647)!
< HTTP/2 200 
HTTP/2 200 
...

Cleanup

You can optionally remove the resources that you created as part of this guide.

Remove the HTTP route for the httpbin app, the HTTPS gateway, and the Kubernetes secret that holds the TLS certificate and key.
```
kubectl delete httproute,gateway,secret -A -l gateway=https
```
Remove the example_certs directory that stores your TLS credentials.
```
rm -rf example_certs
```

HTTP listeners